ABSTRACT
The inhibitory effects of the freeze-dried powder of the aqueous extract of black tea leaf (JAT) on α-glucosidase activity were investigated. We initially examined the effects of JAT addition on yeast α-glucosidase activity. JAT significantly and dose-dependently inhibited α-glucosidase activity and more strongly inhibited the activity than acarbose, the positive control. Then, we examined the effects of oral administration of JAT on sucrose tolerance in type 2 diabetes mellitus model <i>db/db</i> mice. Both JAT and acarbose administered groups showed a dose-dependent decrease in plasma glucose levels after the sucrose loading compared with the control group. Notable was that the plasma glucose levels of the 500 mg/kg JAT administered group exhibited a significant decrease 30 min or longer after the sucrose loading. On the other hand, no significant difference in plasma insulin levels was seen between the JAT administered group and the control group. We also measured small intestinal sucrase activity in <i>db/db</i> mouse at 30 min after JAT oral administration. Compared to control mice, small intestinal sucrase activity was significantly decreased in the 500 mg/kg JAT administered mice. These findings indicate that JAT may be a useful natural material for the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.<br>
ABSTRACT
The authors performed a survey of the treatment of fracture and the prognosis and described about the importance of rehabilitation for improving the result of treatment of fracture.<br>Eight hundred and forty-six cases of fractures (included 324 cases of open fracture and 181 cases of pseudoarthrosis) were observed in this report. The main point of treatment of fracture is to avoid the sequels and to reduce a period of therapy.<br>The systematic treatment fo fracture should include a detailed plan of treatment a proper therapy and an appropriate after-treatment with the concept of rehabilitation. Namely, it has to keep a principle of treatment of fracture and needs to carry out autokinesis, the subject of after-treatment, constructively.<br>In 233 cases of fractures 17% of them showed dysfunction after treatment and the average period of admission was 4 months. At this point the authors realized an impostance of rehabilitation in cure of fracture.<br>On the after-treatment of fracture patients enforced to do isotonic muscular contraction and cross-education even in the time of fixation.<br>After removal of fixation, they received physical therapy, such as supported active movement, autokinesis and duplicated motion (or movement against resistance.) The hydrotherapy was more effective in the early muscular training.